COVID-19 and Pregnancy: What Expecting Mothers Need to Know

The novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) is a strain responsible for COVID-19, first identified in late 2019. Human-to-human transmission primarily occurs through close contact. While vertical transmission (from mother to baby) is considered possible, it is not linked with developmental defects based on current evidence.

Pregnancy and Immune Response to COVID-19

Pregnancy changes immune response, possibly leading to more severe symptoms in the third trimester. However, current data does not indicate that pregnant women are more likely to become critically ill or die from COVID-19 compared to non-pregnant adults.

Common symptoms include:

• Cough
• Fever
• Shortness of breath
• Headache
• Anosmia (loss of smell) and loss of taste

Severe symptoms such as pneumonia or hypoxia require early assessment and supportive treatment. Higher risk of hospitalization is linked to:

• Maternal age >35 years
• Overweight or obesity
• Pre-existing medical conditions

Does COVID-19 Increase Risk of Miscarriage?

Current evidence does not suggest an increased miscarriage risk from COVID-19. While earlier coronaviruses like SARS and MERS showed some complications, no direct link with miscarriage or second-trimester loss has been established. Some data suggest a slightly higher risk of preterm birth, but causality is unclear.

Safety Tips for Pregnant Women During COVID-19

• Wash hands regularly with soap and water; use sanitizer with at least 60% alcohol.
• Practice social distancing; maintain 2 meters (6 feet) from others.
• Do not skip prenatal or postpartum visits—check for telemedicine options.
• Monitor for respiratory symptoms and seek medical care if they appear.
• Keep up-to-date with other vaccines like flu and Tdap.
• Work from home when possible and avoid crowded spaces.
• Ensure a 30-day supply of necessary medications is available.

Emotional Well-Being

The pandemic can heighten anxiety. Managing stress is vital for the health of both mother and baby. Stay connected with loved ones, seek professional help if needed, and maintain a routine that supports physical and mental health.