Male Infertility: Common Types and Causes
Male infertility can result from various factors affecting sperm production, function, or delivery. Here are some common types and causes:
Azoospermia
This condition is characterized by the absence of sperm in the ejaculate. It can be caused by blockages in the reproductive tract, hormonal imbalances, or genetic factors.
Oligospermia
This refers to a low sperm count. The number of sperm in the ejaculate is lower than normal, reducing the chances of fertilizing an egg.
Asthenozoospermia
This is when sperm have reduced motility, meaning they move more slowly or less effectively.
Teratozoospermia
Sperm with abnormal morphology (shape) may have difficulties penetrating the egg, impacting fertility.
Hypospermia
A condition characterized by a lower-than-normal volume of ejaculate.
Cryptozoospermia
A rare condition where sperm are present in very low numbers and may only be detected using advanced lab techniques.
Ejaculatory Duct Obstruction
This occurs when the ducts that transport sperm from the testes to the urethra are blocked.
Hormonal Imbalances
Imbalances in testosterone, FSH, and LH can affect sperm production and quality.
Genetic Factors
Conditions like Klinefelter syndrome or Y chromosome deletions can impair sperm production.
Varicocele
Enlargement of veins within the scrotum can raise testicular temperature and reduce sperm production.
Infections
Sexually transmitted infections or mumps can damage the reproductive tract.
Lifestyle Factors
Smoking, excessive alcohol, obesity, and environmental toxins negatively affect sperm quality.
Medical Treatments
Chemotherapy, radiation, and certain medications can impair sperm production.
Diagnosis & Treatment
Diagnosis includes semen analysis, hormone testing, genetic screening, and physical exams. Treatment options vary and may involve medication, surgery, or assisted reproductive technologies like IVF.
Consult with a fertility specialist to identify the exact cause and the most effective treatment plan.